Galectin-9 (Gal-9) (Ecalectin) (Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21)
1_MAFSG 6_ SQAPY 11_ LSPAV 16_ PFSGT 21_ IQGGL 26_ QDGLQ 31_ ITVNG 36_ TVLSS 41_ SGTRF 46_ AVNFQ 51_ TGFSG 56_ NDIAF 61_ HFNPR 66_ FEDGG 71_ YVVCN 76_ TRQNG 81_ SWGPE 86_ ERKTH 91_ MPFQK 96_ GMPFD 101_ LCFLV 106_ QSSDF 111_ KVMVN 116_ GILFV 121_ QYFHR 126_ VPFHR 131_ VDTIS 136_ VNGSV 141_ QLSYI 146_ SFQNP 151_ RTVPV 156_ QPAFS 161_ TVPFS 166_ QPVCF 171_ PPRPR 176_ GRRQK 181_ PPGVW 186_ PANPA 191_ PITQT 196_ VIHTV 201_ QSAPG 206_ QMFST 211_ PAIPP 216_ MMYPH 221_ PAYPM 226_ PFITT 231_ ILGGL 236_ YPSKS 241_ ILLSG 246_ TVLPS 251_ AQRFH 256_ INLCS 261_ GNHIA 266_ FHLNP 271_ RFDEN 276_ AVVRN 281_ TQIDN 286_ SWGSE 291_ ERSLP 296_ RKMPF 301_ VRGQS 306_ FSVWI 311_ LCEAH 316_ CLKVA 321_ VDGQH 326_ LFEYY 331_ HRLRN 336_ LPTIN 341_ RLEVG 346_GDIQL
1: Binds galactosides (PubMed:18005988). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (PubMed:18005988). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (PubMed:16286920). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (PubMed:16286920). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth (By similarity). Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). Ligand for CD44; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (By similarity). Promotes ability of mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation (PubMed:23817958). Expands regulatory T-cells and induces cytotoxic T-cell apoptosis following virus infection (PubMed:20209097). Activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation inducing cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and chemokine (CCL2) production in mast and dendritic cells (PubMed:16116184, PubMed:24465902). Inhibits degranulation and induces apoptosis of mast cells (PubMed:24465902). Induces maturation and migration of dendritic cells (PubMed:16116184, PubMed:25754930). Inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function (PubMed:23408620). Can transform NK cell phenotype from peripheral to decidual during pregnancy (PubMed:25578313). Astrocyte derived galectin-9 enhances microglial TNF production (By similarity). May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. May provide the molecular basis for urate flux across cell membranes, allowing urate that is formed during purine metabolism to efflux from cells and serving as an electrogenic transporter that plays an important role in renal and gastrointestinal urate excretion (By similarity). Highly selective to the anion urate (By similarity)
2: Acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant (PubMed:9642261). It also inhibits angiogenesis (PubMed:24333696). Suppresses IFNG production by natural killer cells (By similarity)