CD5 antigen-like (Apoptosis inhibitor expressed by macrophages) (hAIM) (CT-2) (IgM-associated peptide) (SP-alpha)
1_MALLF 6_ SLILA 11_ ICTRP 16_ GFLAS 21_ PSGVR 26_ LVGGL 31_ HRCEG 36_ RVEVE 41_ QKGQW 46_ GTVCD 51_ DGWDI 56_ KDVAV 61_ LCREL 66_ GCGAA 71_ SGTPS 76_ GILYE 81_ PPAEK 86_ EQKVL 91_ IQSVS 96_ CTGTE 101_ DTLAQ 106_ CEQEE 111_ VYDCS 116_ HDEDA 121_ GASCE 126_ NPESS 131_ FSPVP 136_ EGVRL 141_ ADGPG 146_ HCKGR 151_ VEVKH 156_ QNQWY 161_ TVCQT 166_ GWSLR 171_ AAKVV 176_ CRQLG 181_ CGRAV 186_ LTQKR 191_ CNKHA 196_ YGRKP 201_ IWLSQ 206_ MSCSG 211_ REATL 216_ QDCPS 221_ GPWGK 226_ NTCNH 231_ DEDTW 236_ VECED 241_ PFDLR 246_ LVGGD 251_ NLCSG 256_ RLEVL 261_ HKGVW 266_ GSVCD 271_ DNWGE 276_ KEDQV 281_ VCKQL 286_ GCGKS 291_ LSPSF 296_ RDRKC 301_ YGPGV 306_ GRIWL 311_ DNVRC 316_ SGEEQ 321_ SLEQC 326_ QHRFW 331_ GFHDC 336_ THQED 341_VAVIC
1: Secreted protein that acts as a key regulator of lipid synthesis: mainly expressed by macrophages in lymphoid and inflamed tissues and regulates mechanisms in inflammatory responses, such as infection or atherosclerosis. Able to inhibit lipid droplet size in adipocytes. Following incorporation into mature adipocytes via CD36-mediated endocytosis, associates with cytosolic FASN, inhibiting fatty acid synthase activity and leading to lipolysis, the degradation of triacylglycerols into glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA). CD5L-induced lipolysis occurs with progression of obesity: participates in obesity-associated inflammation following recruitment of inflammatory macrophages into adipose tissues, a cause of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic disease. Regulation of intracellular lipids mediated by CD5L has a direct effect on transcription regulation mediated by nuclear receptors ROR-gamma (RORC). Acts as a key regulator of metabolic switch in T-helper Th17 cells. Regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in Th17 cells by altering the lipid content and limiting synthesis of cholesterol ligand of RORC, the master transcription factor of Th17-cell differentiation. CD5L is mainly present in non-pathogenic Th17 cells, where it decreases the content of polyunsaturated fatty acyls (PUFA), affecting two metabolic proteins MSMO1 and CYP51A1, which synthesize ligands of RORC, limiting RORC activity and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Participates in obesity-associated autoimmunity via its association with IgM, interfering with the binding of IgM to Fcalpha/mu receptor and enhancing the development of long-lived plasma cells that produce high-affinity IgG autoantibodies (By similarity). Also acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis in macrophages: promotes macrophage survival from the apoptotic effects of oxidized lipids in case of atherosclerosis (PubMed:24295828). Involved in early response to microbial infection against various pathogens by acting as a pattern recognition receptor and by promoting autophagy (PubMed:16030018, PubMed:24223991, PubMed:24583716, PubMed:25713983)