Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.99.38) (Cholesterol 25-monooxygenase) (h25OH)
1_MSCHN 6_ CSDPQ 11_ VLCSS 16_ GQLFL 21_ QPLWD 26_ HLRSW 31_ EALLQ 36_ SPFFP 41_ VIFSI 46_ TTYVG 51_ FCLPF 56_ VVLDI 61_ LCSWV 66_ PALRR 71_ YKIHP 76_ DFSPS 81_ AQQLL 86_ PCLGQ 91_ TLYQH 96_ VMFVF 101_ PVTLL 106_ HWARS 111_ PALLP 116_ HEAPE 121_ LLLLL 126_ HHILF 131_ CLLLF 136_ DMEFF 141_ VWHLL 146_ HHKVP 151_ WLYRT 156_ FHKVH 161_ HQNSS 166_ SFALA 171_ TQYMS 176_ VWELF 181_ SLGFF 186_ DMMNV 191_ TLLGC 196_ HPLTT 201_ LTFHV 206_ VNIWL 211_ SVEDH 216_ SGYNF 221_ PWSTH 226_ RLVPF 231_ GWYGG 236_ VVHHD 241_ LHHSH 246_ FNCNF 251_ APYFT 256_ HWDKI 261_ LGTLR 266_TASVP
1: Catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, leading to repress cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes (PubMed:9852097). Plays a key role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues: 25-hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of 7-alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7-alpha,25-OHC), an oxysterol that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2, a chemotactic receptor for a number of lymphoid cells (By similarity). May play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing (PubMed:9852097). As an interferon-stimulated gene, has broad antiviral activities against a wide range of enveloped viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol, activates the ER-localized enzyme ACAT to induce internalization of accessible cholesterol on the plasma membrane and restricts SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion which inhibits virus replication (PubMed:32944968, PubMed:33239446). In testis, production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by macrophages plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation (By similarity). Required to restrain inflammation in macrophages: production of 25-hydroxycholesterol protects macrophages from cholesterol overload, thereby preventing mitochondrial DNA release and subsequent activation of the AIM2 inflammasome (By similarity)