Angiogenin (EC 3.1.27.-) (Ribonuclease 5) (RNase 5)
1_MVMGL 6_ GVLLL 11_ VFVLG 16_ LGLTP 21_ PTLAQ 26_ DNSRY 31_ THFLT 36_ QHYDA 41_ KPQGR 46_ DDRYC 51_ ESIMR 56_ RRGLT 61_ SPCKD 66_ INTFI 71_ HGNKR 76_ SIKAI 81_ CENKN 86_ GNPHR 91_ ENLRI 96_ SKSSF 101_ QVTTC 106_ KLHGG 111_ SPWPP 116_ CQYRA 121_ TAGFR 126_ NVVVA 131_ CENGL 136_ PVHLD 141_QSIFR
1: Secreted ribonuclease that can either promote or restrict cell proliferation of target cells, depending on the context (PubMed:12051708, PubMed:1400510, PubMed:19332886, PubMed:20129916, PubMed:21855800, PubMed:23047679, PubMed:23843625, PubMed:2424496, PubMed:2459697, PubMed:2730651, PubMed:27518564, PubMed:28176817, PubMed:29100074, PubMed:29748193, PubMed:3122207, PubMed:32510170, PubMed:38718836, PubMed:8159680, PubMed:8570639, PubMed:8622921, PubMed:9578571). Endocytosed in target cells via its receptor PLXNB2 and translocates to the cytoplasm or nucleus (PubMed:29100074, PubMed:32510170). Under stress conditions, localizes to the cytoplasm and promotes the assembly of stress granules (SGs): specifically cleaves a subset of tRNAs within anticodon loops to produce tRNA-derived stress-induced fragments (tiRNAs), resulting in translation repression and inhibition of cell proliferation (PubMed:1400510, PubMed:19332886, PubMed:20129916, PubMed:21855800, PubMed:23047679, PubMed:27518564, PubMed:29100074, PubMed:29748193, PubMed:32510170, PubMed:38718836). tiRNas also prevent formation of apoptosome, thereby promoting cell survival (By similarity). Preferentially cleaves RNAs between a pyrimidine and an adenosine residue, suggesting that it cleaves the anticodon loop of tRNA(Ala) (32-UUAGCAU-38) after positions 33 and 36 (PubMed:3289612, PubMed:38718836). Cleaves a subset of tRNAs, including tRNA(Ala), tRNA(Glu), tRNA(Gly), tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Val), tRNA(His), tRNA(Asp) and tRNA(Sec) (PubMed:31582561). Under growth conditions and in differentiated cells, translocates to the nucleus and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, including that containing the initiation site sequences of 45S rRNA, thereby promoting cell growth and proliferation (PubMed:12051708, PubMed:15735021, PubMed:27518564, PubMed:29100074, PubMed:8127865). Angiogenin induces vascularization of normal and malignant tissues via its ability to promote rRNA transcription (PubMed:19354288, PubMed:4074709, PubMed:8448182). Involved in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) growth and survival by promoting rRNA transcription in growth conditions and inhibiting translation in response to stress, respectively (PubMed:27518564). Mediates the crosstalk between myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells to protect the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity: secreted by myeloid cells and promotes intestinal epithelial cells proliferation and survival (PubMed:32510170). Also mediates osteoclast-endothelial cell crosstalk in growing bone: produced by osteoclasts and protects the neighboring vascular cells against senescence by promoting rRNA transcription (By similarity)