Inhibin beta B chain (Activin beta-B chain)
1_MDGLP 6_ GRALG 11_ AACLL 16_ LLAAG 21_ WLGPE 26_ AWGSP 31_ TPPPT 36_ PAAPP 41_ PPPPP 46_ GSPGG 51_ SQDTC 56_ TSCGG 61_ FRRPE 66_ ELGRV 71_ DGDFL 76_ EAVKR 81_ HILSR 86_ LQMRG 91_ RPNIT 96_ HAVPK 101_ AAMVT 106_ ALRKL 111_ HAGKV 116_ REDGR 121_ VEIPH 126_ LDGHA 131_ SPGAD 136_ GQERV 141_ SEIIS 146_ FAETD 151_ GLASS 156_ RVRLY 161_ FFISN 166_ EGNQN 171_ LFVVQ 176_ ASLWL 181_ YLKLL 186_ PYVLE 191_ KGSRR 196_ KVRVK 201_ VYFQE 206_ QGHGD 211_ RWNMV 216_ EKRVD 221_ LKRSG 226_ WHTFP 231_ LTEAI 236_ QALFE 241_ RGERR 246_ LNLDV 251_ QCDSC 256_ QELAV 261_ VPVFV 266_ DPGEE 271_ SHRPF 276_ VVVQA 281_ RLGDS 286_ RHRIR 291_ KRGLE 296_ CDGRT 301_ NLCCR 306_ QQFFI 311_ DFRLI 316_ GWNDW 321_ IIAPT 326_ GYYGN 331_ YCEGS 336_ CPAYL 341_ AGVPG 346_ SASSF 351_ HTAVV 356_ NQYRM 361_ RGLNP 366_ GTVNS 371_ CCIPT 376_ KLSTM 381_ SMLYF 386_ DDEYN 391_ IVKRD 396_ VPNMI 401_VEECG
1: Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins
2: Activin B is a dimer of alpha and beta-B that plays a role in several essential biological processes including embryonic development, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, haematopoiesis, cell proliferation and wound healing (PubMed:22611157, PubMed:15196700). Signals through type I receptor ACVR1C, abundantly expressed in pancreatic beta cells, and type II receptors like ACVR2A or BMPR2 (PubMed:35643319). Upon ligand binding, these receptors phosphorylate intracellular signaling mediators SMAD2 and SMAD3, which form a complex with SMAD4, translocate to the nucleus, and regulate gene expression (PubMed:15196700). Plays a crucial role in the induction of hepcidin by inflammation through activation of ACVR1C and subsequent phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 (PubMed:22611157). Regulates adipocyte lipid metabolism by decreasing non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol release and increases intracellular triglyceride content (By similarity). Stimulates wound healing by promoting cell migration and hair follicle regeneration through the JNK and ERK signaling pathways downstream of RHOA (By similarity)
3: Inhibin B is a dimer of alpha and beta-B that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the reproductive system by inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Thereby, maintains reproductive homeostasis in both males and females. Acts as a more potent suppressor of FSH release than inhibin A (By similarity). Functions as competitive receptor antagonist binding activin type II receptors with high affinity in the presence of the TGF-beta type III coreceptor/TGFBR3L (By similarity)