Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (Bone morphogenetic protein 2A) (BMP-2A)
1_MVAGT 6_ RCLLA 11_ LLLPQ 16_ VLLGG 21_ AAGLV 26_ PELGR 31_ RKFAA 36_ ASSGR 41_ PSSQP 46_ SDEVL 51_ SEFEL 56_ RLLSM 61_ FGLKQ 66_ RPTPS 71_ RDAVV 76_ PPYML 81_ DLYRR 86_ HSGQP 91_ GSPAP 96_ DHRLE 101_ RAASR 106_ ANTVR 111_ SFHHE 116_ ESLEE 121_ LPETS 126_ GKTTR 131_ RFFFN 136_ LSSIP 141_ TEEFI 146_ TSAEL 151_ QVFRE 156_ QMQDA 161_ LGNNS 166_ SFHHR 171_ INIYE 176_ IIKPA 181_ TANSK 186_ FPVTR 191_ LLDTR 196_ LVNQN 201_ ASRWE 206_ SFDVT 211_ PAVMR 216_ WTAQG 221_ HANHG 226_ FVVEV 231_ AHLEE 236_ KQGVS 241_ KRHVR 246_ ISRSL 251_ HQDEH 256_ SWSQI 261_ RPLLV 266_ TFGHD 271_ GKGHP 276_ LHKRE 281_ KRQAK 286_ HKQRK 291_ RLKSS 296_ CKRHP 301_ LYVDF 306_ SDVGW 311_ NDWIV 316_ APPGY 321_ HAFYC 326_ HGECP 331_ FPLAD 336_ HLNST 341_ NHAIV 346_ QTLVN 351_ SVNSK 356_ IPKAC 361_ CVPTE 366_ LSAIS 371_ MLYLD 376_ ENEKV 381_ VLKNY 386_ QDMVV 391_EGCGC
1: Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis (PubMed:18436533, PubMed:24362451, PubMed:31019025). Induces cartilage and bone formation (PubMed:3201241). Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2 (PubMed:15064755, PubMed:17295905, PubMed:18436533). Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A (PubMed:7791754). In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Also acts to promote expression of HAMP, via the interaction with its receptor BMPR1A/ALK3 (PubMed:31800957). Can also signal through non-canonical pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase signaling cascade that regulates osteoblast differentiation (PubMed:16771708, PubMed:20851880). Also stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway by stimulating EIF2A phosphorylation which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation (PubMed:24362451). Acts as a positive regulator of odontoblast differentiation during mesenchymal tooth germ formation, expression is repressed during the bell stage by MSX1-mediated inhibition of CTNNB1 signaling (By similarity)