Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) (Bone morphogenetic protein 2B) (BMP-2B)
1_MIPGN 6_ RMLMV 11_ VLLCQ 16_ VLLGG 21_ ASHAS 26_ LIPET 31_ GKKKV 36_ AEIQG 41_ HAGGR 46_ RSGQS 51_ HELLR 56_ DFEAT 61_ LLQMF 66_ GLRRR 71_ PQPSK 76_ SAVIP 81_ DYMRD 86_ LYRLQ 91_ SGEEE 96_ EEQIH 101_ STGLE 106_ YPERP 111_ ASRAN 116_ TVRSF 121_ HHEEH 126_ LENIP 131_ GTSEN 136_ SAFRF 141_ LFNLS 146_ SIPEN 151_ EVISS 156_ AELRL 161_ FREQV 166_ DQGPD 171_ WERGF 176_ HRINI 181_ YEVMK 186_ PPAEV 191_ VPGHL 196_ ITRLL 201_ DTRLV 206_ HHNVT 211_ RWETF 216_ DVSPA 221_ VLRWT 226_ REKQP 231_ NYGLA 236_ IEVTH 241_ LHQTR 246_ THQGQ 251_ HVRIS 256_ RSLPQ 261_ GSGNW 266_ AQLRP 271_ LLVTF 276_ GHDGR 281_ GHALT 286_ RRRRA 291_ KRSPK 296_ HHSQR 301_ ARKKN 306_ KNCRR 311_ HSLYV 316_ DFSDV 321_ GWNDW 326_ IVAPP 331_ GYQAF 336_ YCHGD 341_ CPFPL 346_ ADHLN 351_ STNHA 356_ IVQTL 361_ VNSVN 366_ SSIPK 371_ ACCVP 376_ TELSA 381_ ISMLY 386_ LDEYD 391_ KVVLK 396_ NYQEM 401_VVEGC
1: Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including neurogenesis, vascular development, angiogenesis and osteogenesis (PubMed:31363885). Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity). Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2 (PubMed:25868050, PubMed:8006002). Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A. In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes (PubMed:25868050, PubMed:29212066). Positively regulates the expression of odontogenic development regulator MSX1 via inducing the IPO7-mediated import of SMAD1 to the nucleus (By similarity). Required for MSX1-mediated mesenchymal molar tooth bud development beyond the bud stage, via promoting Wnt signaling (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of odontoblast differentiation during mesenchymal tooth germ formation, expression is repressed during the bell stage by MSX1-mediated inhibition of CTNNB1 signaling (By similarity). Able to induce its own expression in dental mesenchymal cells and also in the neighboring dental epithelial cells via an MSX1-mediated pathway (By similarity). Can also signal through non-canonical BMP pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase, PI3K/Akt, or SRC cascades (PubMed:31363885). For example, induces SRC phosphorylation which, in turn, activates VEGFR2, leading to an angiogenic response (PubMed:31363885)