Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.2.13) (Erythrocyte transglutaminase) (Heart G alpha(h)) (hhG alpha(h)) (Isopeptidase TGM2) (EC 3.4.-.-) (Protein G alpha(h)) (G(h)) (Protein-glutamine deamidase TGM2) (EC 3.5.1.44) (Protein-glutamine dopaminyltransferase TGM2) (EC 2.3.1.-) (Protein-glutamine histaminyltransferase TGM2) (EC 2.3.1.-) (Protein-glutamine noradrenalinyltransferase TGM2) (EC 2.3.1.-) (Protein-glutamine serotonyltransferase TGM2) (EC 2.3.1.-) (Tissue transglutaminase) (tTG) (tTgase) (Transglutaminase C) (TG(C)) (TGC) (TGase C) (Transglutaminase H) (TGase H) (Transglutaminase II) (TGase II) (Transglutaminase-2) (TG2) (TGase-2) (hTG2)
1_MAEEL 6_ VLERC 11_ DLELE 16_ TNGRD 21_ HHTAD 26_ LCREK 31_ LVVRR 36_ GQPFW 41_ LTLHF 46_ EGRNY 51_ EASVD 56_ SLTFS 61_ VVTGP 66_ APSQE 71_ AGTKA 76_ RFPLR 81_ DAVEE 86_ GDWTA 91_ TVVDQ 96_ QDCTL 101_ SLQLT 106_ TPANA 111_ PIGLY 116_ RLSLE 121_ ASTGY 126_ QGSSF 131_ VLGHF 136_ ILLFN 141_ AWCPA 146_ DAVYL 151_ DSEEE 156_ RQEYV 161_ LTQQG 166_ FIYQG 171_ SAKFI 176_ KNIPW 181_ NFGQF 186_ EDGIL 191_ DICLI 196_ LLDVN 201_ PKFLK 206_ NAGRD 211_ CSRRS 216_ SPVYV 221_ GRVVS 226_ GMVNC 231_ NDDQG 236_ VLLGR 241_ WDNNY 246_ GDGVS 251_ PMSWI 256_ GSVDI 261_ LRRWK 266_ NHGCQ 271_ RVKYG 276_ QCWVF 281_ AAVAC 286_ TVLRC 291_ LGIPT 296_ RVVTN 301_ YNSAH 306_ DQNSN 311_ LLIEY 316_ FRNEF 321_ GEIQG 326_ DKSEM 331_ IWNFH 336_ CWVES 341_ WMTRP 346_ DLQPG 351_ YEGWQ 356_ ALDPT 361_ PQEKS 366_ EGTYC 371_ CGPVP 376_ VRAIK 381_ EGDLS 386_ TKYDA 391_ PFVFA 396_ EVNAD 401_ VVDWI 406_ QQDDG 411_ SVHKS 416_ INRSL 421_ IVGLK 426_ ISTKS 431_ VGRDE 436_ REDIT 441_ HTYKY 446_ PEGSS 451_ EEREA 456_ FTRAN 461_ HLNKL 466_ AEKEE 471_ TGMAM 476_ RIRVG 481_ QSMNM 486_ GSDFD 491_ VFAHI 496_ TNNTA 501_ EEYVC 506_ RLLLC 511_ ARTVS 516_ YNGIL 521_ GPECG 526_ TKYLL 531_ NLNLE 536_ PFSEK 541_ SVPLC 546_ ILYEK 551_ YRDCL 556_ TESNL 561_ IKVRA 566_ LLVEP 571_ VINSY 576_ LLAER 581_ DLYLE 586_ NPEIK 591_ IRILG 596_ EPKQK 601_ RKLVA 606_ EVSLQ 611_ NPLPV 616_ ALEGC 621_ TFTVE 626_ GAGLT 631_ EEQKT 636_ VEIPD 641_ PVEAG 646_ EEVKV 651_ RMDLL 656_ PLHMG 661_ LHKLV 666_ VNFES 671_ DKLKA 676_ VKGFR 681_NVIIG
1: Calcium-dependent acyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between peptide-bound glutamine and various primary amines, such as gamma-amino group of peptide-bound lysine, or mono- and polyamines, thereby producing cross-linked or aminated proteins, respectively (PubMed:23941696, PubMed:31991788, PubMed:9252372). Involved in many biological processes, such as bone development, angiogenesis, wound healing, cellular differentiation, chromatin modification and apoptosis (PubMed:1683874, PubMed:27270573, PubMed:28198360, PubMed:7935379, PubMed:9252372). Acts as a protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase by mediating the cross-linking of proteins, such as ACO2, HSPB6, FN1, HMGB1, RAP1GDS1, SLC25A4/ANT1, SPP1 and WDR54 (PubMed:23941696, PubMed:24349085, PubMed:29618516, PubMed:30458214). Under physiological conditions, the protein cross-linking activity is inhibited by GTP; inhibition is relieved by Ca(2+) in response to various stresses (PubMed:18092889, PubMed:7592956, PubMed:7649299). When secreted, catalyzes cross-linking of proteins of the extracellular matrix, such as FN1 and SPP1 resulting in the formation of scaffolds (PubMed:12506096). Plays a key role during apoptosis, both by (1) promoting the cross-linking of cytoskeletal proteins resulting in condensation of the cytoplasm, and by (2) mediating cross-linking proteins of the extracellular matrix, resulting in the irreversible formation of scaffolds that stabilize the integrity of the dying cells before their clearance by phagocytosis, thereby preventing the leakage of harmful intracellular components (PubMed:7935379, PubMed:9252372). In addition to protein cross-linking, can use different monoamine substrates to catalyze a vast array of protein post-translational modifications: mediates aminylation of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline or histamine into glutamine residues of target proteins to generate protein serotonylation, dopaminylation, noradrenalinylation or histaminylation, respectively (PubMed:23797785, PubMed:30867594). Mediates protein serotonylation of small GTPases during activation and aggregation of platelets, leading to constitutive activation of these GTPases (By similarity). Plays a key role in chromatin organization by mediating serotonylation and dopaminylation of histone H3 (PubMed:30867594, PubMed:32273471). Catalyzes serotonylation of 'Gln-5' of histone H3 (H3Q5ser) during serotonergic neuron differentiation, thereby facilitating transcription (PubMed:30867594). Acts as a mediator of neurotransmission-independent role of nuclear dopamine in ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons: catalyzes dopaminylation of 'Gln-5' of histone H3 (H3Q5dop), thereby regulating relapse-related transcriptional plasticity in the reward system (PubMed:32273471). Regulates vein remodeling by mediating serotonylation and subsequent inactivation of ATP2A2/SERCA2 (By similarity). Also acts as a protein deamidase by mediating the side chain deamidation of specific glutamine residues of proteins to glutamate (PubMed:20547769, PubMed:9623982). Catalyzes specific deamidation of protein gliadin, a component of wheat gluten in the diet (PubMed:9623982). May also act as an isopeptidase cleaving the previously formed cross-links (PubMed:26250429, PubMed:27131890). Also able to participate in signaling pathways independently of its acyltransferase activity: acts as a signal transducer in alpha-1 adrenergic receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C-delta (PLCD) activity and is required for coupling alpha-1 adrenergic agonists to the stimulation of phosphoinositide lipid metabolism (PubMed:8943303)
2: Has cytotoxic activity: is able to induce apoptosis independently of its acyltransferase activity