Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor) (CSIF)
1_MHSSA 6_ LLCCL 11_ VLLTG 16_ VRASP 21_ GQGTQ 26_ SENSC 31_ THFPG 36_ NLPNM 41_ LRDLR 46_ DAFSR 51_ VKTFF 56_ QMKDQ 61_ LDNLL 66_ LKESL 71_ LEDFK 76_ GYLGC 81_ QALSE 86_ MIQFY 91_ LEEVM 96_ PQAEN 101_ QDPDI 106_ KAHVN 111_ SLGEN 116_ LKTLR 121_ LRLRR 126_ CHRFL 131_ PCENK 136_ SKAVE 141_ QVKNA 146_ FNKLQ 151_ EKGIY 156_ KAMSE 161_ FDIFI 166_ NYIEA 171_YMTMK
1: Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 (PubMed:16982608). In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators (PubMed:18025162). Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha (PubMed:11564774, PubMed:1940799, PubMed:7512027). Also interferes with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (PubMed:8144879). In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity)