Growth/differentiation factor 6 (GDF-6) (Bone morphogenetic protein 13) (BMP-13) (Growth/differentiation factor 16)
1_MDTPR 6_ VLLSA 11_ VFLIS 16_ FLWDL 21_ PGFQQ 26_ ASISS 31_ SSSSA 36_ ELGST 41_ KGMRS 46_ RKEGK 51_ MQRAP 56_ RDSDA 61_ GREGQ 66_ EPQPR 71_ PQDEP 76_ RAQQP 81_ RAQEP 86_ PGRGP 91_ RVVPH 96_ EYMLS 101_ IYRTY 106_ SIAEK 111_ LGINA 116_ SFFQS 121_ SKSAN 126_ TITSF 131_ VDRGL 136_ DDLSH 141_ TPLRR 146_ QKYLF 151_ DVSML 156_ SDKEE 161_ LVGAE 166_ LRLFR 171_ QAPSA 176_ PWGPP 181_ AGPLH 186_ VQLFP 191_ CLSPL 196_ LLDAR 201_ TLDPQ 206_ GAPPA 211_ GWEVF 216_ DVWQG 221_ LRHQP 226_ WKQLC 231_ LELRA 236_ AWGEL 241_ DAGEA 246_ EARAR 251_ GPQQP 256_ PPPDL 261_ RSLGF 266_ GRRVR 271_ PPQER 276_ ALLVV 281_ FTRSQ 286_ RKNLF 291_ AEMRE 296_ QLGSA 301_ EAAGP 306_ GAGAE 311_ GSWPP 316_ PSGAP 321_ DARPW 326_ LPSPG 331_ RRRRR 336_ TAFAS 341_ RHGKR 346_ HGKKS 351_ RLRCS 356_ KKPLH 361_ VNFKE 366_ LGWDD 371_ WIIAP 376_ LEYEA 381_ YHCEG 386_ VCDFP 391_ LRSHL 396_ EPTNH 401_ AIIQT 406_ LMNSM 411_ DPGST 416_ PPSCC 421_ VPTKL 426_ TPISI 431_ LYIDA 436_ GNNVV 441_ YKQYE 446_DMVVE
1: Growth factor that controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. Plays a key role in regulating apoptosis during retinal development. Establishes dorsal-ventral positional information in the retina and controls the formation of the retinotectal map (PubMed:23307924). Required for normal formation of bones and joints in the limbs, skull, digits and axial skeleton. Plays a key role in establishing boundaries between skeletal elements during development. Regulation of GDF6 expression seems to be a mechanism for evolving species-specific changes in skeletal structures. Seems to positively regulate differentiation of chondrogenic tissue through the growth factor receptors subunits BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2 and ACVR2A, leading to the activation of SMAD1-SMAD5-SMAD8 complex. The regulation of chondrogenic differentiation is inhibited by NOG (PubMed:26643732). Also involved in the induction of adipogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells. This mechanism acts through the growth factor receptors subunits BMPR1A, BMPR2 and ACVR2A and the activation of SMAD1-SMAD5-SMAD8 complex and MAPK14/p38 (By similarity)