Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK 2) (SPK 2) (EC 2.7.1.91)
1_MNGHL 6_ EAEEQ 11_ QDQRP 16_ DQELT 21_ GSWGH 26_ GPRST 31_ LVRAK 36_ AMAPP 41_ PPPLA 46_ ASTPL 51_ LHGEF 56_ GSYPA 61_ RGPRF 66_ ALTLT 71_ SQALH 76_ IQRLR 81_ PKPEA 86_ RPRGG 91_ LVPLA 96_ EVSGC 101_ CTLRS 106_ RSPSD 111_ SAAYF 116_ CIYTY 121_ PRGRR 126_ GARRR 131_ ATRTF 136_ RADGA 141_ ATYEE 146_ NRAEA 151_ QRWAT 156_ ALTCL 161_ LRGLP 166_ LPGDG 171_ EITPD 176_ LLPRP 181_ PRLLL 186_ LVNPF 191_ GGRGL 196_ AWQWC 201_ KNHVL 206_ PMISE 211_ AGLSF 216_ NLIQT 221_ ERQNH 226_ ARELV 231_ QGLSL 236_ SEWDG 241_ IVTVS 246_ GDGLL 251_ HEVLN 256_ GLLDR 261_ PDWEE 266_ AVKMP 271_ VGILP 276_ CGSGN 281_ ALAGA 286_ VNQHG 291_ GFEPA 296_ LGLDL 301_ LLNCS 306_ LLLCR 311_ GGGHP 316_ LDLLS 321_ VTLAS 326_ GSRCF 331_ SFLSV 336_ AWGFV 341_ SDVDI 346_ QSERF 351_ RALGS 356_ ARFTL 361_ GTVLG 366_ LATLH 371_ TYRGR 376_ LSYLP 381_ ATVEP 386_ ASPTP 391_ AHSLP 396_ RAKSE 401_ LTLTP 406_ DPAPP 411_ MAHSP 416_ LHRSV 421_ SDLPL 426_ PLPQP 431_ ALASP 436_ GSPEP 441_ LPILS 446_ LNGGG 451_ PELAG 456_ DWGGA 461_ GDAPL 466_ SPDPL 471_ LSSPP 476_ GSPKA 481_ ALHSP 486_ VSEGA 491_ PVIPP 496_ SSGLP 501_ LPTPD 506_ ARVGA 511_ STCGP 516_ PDHLL 521_ PPLGT 526_ PLPPD 531_ WVTLE 536_ GDFVL 541_ MLAIS 546_ PSHLG 551_ ADLVA 556_ APHAR 561_ FDDGL 566_ VHLCW 571_ VRSGI 576_ SRAAL 581_ LRLFL 586_ AMERG 591_ SHFSL 596_ GCPQL 601_ GYAAA 606_ RAFRL 611_ EPLTP 616_ RGVLT 621_ VDGEQ 626_ VEYGP 631_ LQAQM 636_ HPGIG 641_ TLLTG 646_PPGCP
1: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine, D-erythro-sphingosine and L-threo-dihydrosphingosine. Binds phosphoinositides (PubMed:12954646, PubMed:19168031). In contrast to prosurvival SPHK1, has a positive effect on intracellular ceramide levels, inhibits cells growth and enhances apoptosis (PubMed:16118219). In mitochondria, is important for cytochrome-c oxidase assembly and mitochondrial respiration. The SPP produced in mitochondria binds PHB2 and modulates the regulation via PHB2 of complex IV assembly and respiration (PubMed:20959514). In nucleus, plays a role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Interacts with HDAC1 and HDAC2 and, through SPP production, inhibits their enzymatic activity, preventing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues with histones. Up-regulates acetylation of histone H3-K9, histone H4-K5 and histone H2B-K12 (PubMed:19729656). In nucleus, may have an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis and cell cycle (PubMed:12954646, PubMed:16103110). In mast cells, is the main regulator of SPP production which mediates calcium influx, NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine production, such as TNF and IL6, and degranulation of mast cells (By similarity). In dopaminergic neurons, is involved in promoting mitochondrial functions regulating ATP and ROS levels (By similarity). Also involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism (By similarity)