DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C (A3C) (EC 3.5.4.38) (APOBEC1-like) (Phorbolin I)
1_MNPQI 6_ RNPMK 11_ AMYPG 16_ TFYFQ 21_ FKNLW 26_ EANDR 31_ NETWL 36_ CFTVE 41_ GIKRR 46_ SVVSW 51_ KTGVF 56_ RNQVD 61_ SETHC 66_ HAERC 71_ FLSWF 76_ CDDIL 81_ SPNTK 86_ YQVTW 91_ YTSWS 96_ PCPDC 101_ AGEVA 106_ EFLAR 111_ HSNVN 116_ LTIFT 121_ ARLYY 126_ FQYPC 131_ YQEGL 136_ RSLSQ 141_ EGVAV 146_ EIMDY 151_ EDFKY 156_ CWENF 161_ VYNDN 166_ EPFKP 171_ WKGLK 176_ TNFRL 181_LKRRL
1: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation